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Somali Civic Web A Virtual "Shir" in Cyberspace |
Relevant Hyperlinks
Table of Contents
| Democracy | |
| Worldwide | |
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U.S.A. |
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Africa |
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Somalia |
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Computer-Aided Democracy |
| Conflict Resolution | |
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General |
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Africa |
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Somalia |
| Politics | |
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Somalia |
| History | |
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General |
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African |
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Afro-Centric |
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Ancient Cush & Egypt |
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Somalia |
| Culture & Religion | |
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General |
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Africa |
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Somalia |
| U.S. Foreign Policy | |
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General |
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Somalia |
| United Nations | |
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General |
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Somalia |
| Virtual Libraries |
Journal: Journal of Democracy ("Since its inception in 1990, the Journal of Democracy has become an influential international forum for scholarly analysis and competing democratic viewpoints. Focusing exclusively on democracy, the Journal monitors and analyzes democratic regimes and movements in scores of countries around the world.): http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/journal_of_democracy/ and http://www.journalofdemocracy.org/
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“Is the Third Wave Over?”, Larry Diamond, Journal of Democracy 7.3 (1996), pp. 20 - 37. : http://muse.jhu.edu/demo/jod/7.3diamond.html |
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"The End of the Transition Paradigm", Thomas Carothers, 13.1 (2002) 5-21: http://muse.jhu.edu/demo/jod/13.1carothers.html |
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"Terror, Islam, and Democracy", Ladan Bororoumand and Roya Boroumand, Vol. 13, No. 2 April 2002: http://www.journalofdemocracy.org/Boroumand.pdf |
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"Democracy as a Starting Point", Fernando Henrique Cardoso, Vol. 12.1 (2001) 5-14: http://muse.jhu.edu/demo/journal_of_democracy/v012/12.1cardoso.html |
| "Democracy as a Universal Value", Amartya Sen, Vol. 10.3 (1999) 3-17: http://muse.jhu.edu/demo/jod/10.3sen.html |
Journal: Direct Democracy Journal ("We believe that the process of Direct Democracy offers one of the greatest safeguards to our Republican form of government. At the same time it helps secure the values and freedoms upon which this country was founded. Our system of representative government is in serious trouble. ooo): http://www.directdemocracy.com/
Journal: Democracy & Nature - The International Journal of Inclusive Democracy: http://www.democracynature.org/dn/index.htm
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"The 'War' Against Terrorism: The global 'war' of the transnational elite", Takis Fotopoulos (critical of the new 'war against terrorism'): http://www.democracynature.org/dn/vol8/takis_globalwar.htm |
| "The politics of recognition versus the politics of hatred", Arran Gare, Vol. 8, No. 2 (critical of the mutual hatred between Americans and Islamists): http://www.democracynature.org/dn/index.htm |
Journal: Economic and Industrial Democracy (from Sweden - only available with a paid subscription): http://www.sagepub.co.uk/frame.html?http://www.sagepub.co.uk/journals/details/j0017.html
Journal: "Working Papers in Local Governance and Democracy", Biannual since 1991 from the World Academy for Local Government and Democracy (WALD) is an NGO based in Istanbul, Turkey: http://www.acsp.org/news/FebMar2000/new_journal.html
UNDP: United Nations Development Program / Democratic Governance (they have a good general presentation as well as a large number of documents available on various topics): http://www.undp.org/governance/
Gov: USAID : Democracy and Governance: http://www.usaid.gov/democracy/
Org: United States Institute of Peace (some of their publications on Somalia): http://www.usip.org/pubs/reports.html
| "Removing Barricades in Somalia: Options for Peace and Rehabilitation", Hussein Adam & Richard Ford, with Ali Jimale Amhed, Abdinasir Osman Isse, Nur Weheliye, and David Smock, October 1998: http://www.usip.org/pubs/pworks/pwks24/pwks24.html |
Org: "Human Development Report 2002: Deepening Democracy in a Fragmented World", UNDP of the UN: http://hdr.undp.org/
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“The Democratic Deficit”, Jayati Ghosh, from IDEAs (International Development Economics Associates, 14 Aug 2002 (analyzes the latest Human Development Report from the UNDP): http://www.ideaswebsite.org/news/aug02/news14_Democratic_Deficit.htm |
| “Human Development Report on human rights and governance in Somalia 2001”, from Human Development Reports, of UNDP: English Version: http://www.unsomalia.org/publications/HDR%20Preview.pdf Somali Version: http://www.unsomalia.org/publications/HDR%20Preview%20in%20somali.pdf |
Org: UPD - Unit for the Promotion of Democracy (founded by the OAS - Organization of American States, it coordinates efforts among all countries in North, Central, and South America in promoting democracy - in both English & Spanish): http://www.upd.oas.org/lab/aboutupd.html
Org: Access Democracy (created in 1985 by the NDI - National Democratic Institute for International Affairs -- connected with organizations in over 100 countries, produces training materials and provides resource documents): http://www.accessdemocracy.org/accessdem.asp
Org: World Movement for Democracy: Confronting the Challenges to Democracy in the 21st Century (founded in 1999, has held to international Conferences, provides interesting resources on-line and maintains a database of international experts on democracy -- They have conducted a workshop on "Using the Internet and Other Media to Promote Democracy"): http://www.wmd.org/
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"Using the Internet and Other Media to Promote Democracy" (proceeding of a workshop on this topic -- they created a "Democracy Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Group", including an e-mail discussion list and a website for this Group): http://www.wmd.org/second_assembly/topical/w-t6.html |
| Democracy Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Group: http://wmd.org/dict/ |
Org: Democracy2.0 (an organization in the USA which promotes "Pervasive Democracy" - "You are now at the starting point of an evolutionary stride in the centuries-long development of more direct, truly participatory democracy." "Using the powerful catalyst for change that is the Internet ... d2 will garner the participation and brainshare of civic-minded individuals to effect widespread progress that is in many respects unimaginable at this time. Simultaneously, d2 will strive to acknowledge and support compatible efforts across the U.S. and the world."): http://www.democracy2.org/?section=&tab=welcome
Org: Moving Ideas Network (with a focus upon Democracy and Civic Participation -- with a good set of resources and hyperlinks): http://www.movingideas.org/
Org: TAN+N --Teledemocracy Action News + Network (founded in 1995 -- Department of Political Science at Auburn University in Alabamba): http://frontpage.auburn.edu/tann/
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"Continuing Congress of International Direct Democracy" (their first International Congress was in August 1998 in the Czech Republic with representatives from 14 nations and they agreed to continue this Congress via the Internet. -- A good source of information on "direct democracy" around the World): http://frontpage.auburn.edu/tann/prague/index.htm |
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"III. Computer Assisted Democracy" (Descriptions of 8 projects in the USA plus one international project using computer technology to implement "electronic democracy" that facilitate enhanced participation by citizens in their government.): http://frontpage.auburn.edu/tann/tann2/project3.html |
| "SimConCon -- Simulated Constitutional Convention" ("an experimental state constitution convention using Information and Communications Technologies of the 21st century to better inform future designers of state constitutions and the citizens who must call them and ratify their product" -- They see this well-documented project as a model which others could use for other similar democratic projects.): http://frontpage.auburn.edu/simconcon/ |
Org: World Citizen Foundation ("dedicated to the proposition that all levels of political authority derive their legitimacy only from the fundamental sovereignty of the people." They also try to extend this concept of democracy to the international level as well.): http://www.worldcitizen.org/
Org: The Center for the Evolution of Democracy (Established in 1994, "The Center is dedicated to the task of making new ideas and information available for the purpose of democratizing undemocratic systems -- and for improving democratic processes that are still only partially realized. An interesting set of resources): http://www.cedemocracy.org/
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The Internet Democracy Project (facilitated by The Center for the Evolution of Democracy - "For the first time in human history, we have the means to create a virtual democracy, to test it, and to make it real -- both locally and globally. At any level of organization, we can model a currently existing democracy, reform the model, and modify the reforms through a highly participative public discourse."): http://www.cedemocracy.org/virtdem.html |
| Syntropic Villages: Online communities, investment clubs, and multicultural centers! (A Syntropic Village is possible only through the Internet, where people agree upon a shared system of values): http://www.syntropix.com/ |
Org: Center for the Study of Islam & Democracy - CSID (A think tank dedicated to understanding the link between democracy and Islam. Conducted a Joint Symposium with the USIP -- United States Institute of Peace): http://www.islam-democracy.org/
| Abstracts of Papers: 2nd Annual CSID Conference, 7 April 2001, at Georgetown University, Washington, D.C. (the complete proceedings are available as a large file from the main page): http://www.islam-democracy.org/conference_two_abstracts_titles.shtml |
Org: Freedom House (a non-partisan organization which promotes democracy around the World -- and also measures and ranks the level of democracy in individual countries -- their criteria for "measuring" freedom are also interesting -- they also rank the media): http://www.freedomhouse.org/
| "Annual Survey of Freedom Country Scores 1972-73 to 1999-00" (for the section including Somalia): http://www.freedomhouse.org/ratings/solomon.htm |
Org: The International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance - IDEA (their focus is upon the implementation of fair democratic elections): http://www.idea.int/
| Political Participation: State of Democracy (This project has developed a comprehensive methodological tool that the citizens of all democracies in the world can use to assess the functioning of their own democratic systems.): http://www.idea.int/ideas_work/14_political_state.htm |
Org: IPU -- Inter-Parliamentary Union (an international organization focusing upon parliamentary democracy -- they have a data base on the role, structure and working methods of national parliaments, on electoral systems, constitutional law, history and political science with references to over 7,000 books and 30,000 articles from 160 periodicals available online): http://www.ipu.org/
Org: CIVNET: A website of Civitas International (an online resource and service for civic education practitioners): http://www.civnet.org/
Org: Centre for Democratization Studies - at Univ. of Leeds since 1993: http://www.undp.org/governance/
Org: Amnesty International: http://www.amnesty.org/
| See a listing of the reports of Amnesty International on Somalia from 1997 - 2002 by entering the country of Somalia in the search box: http://web.amnesty.org/web/content.nsf/pages/gbrcountry+page |
Org: Human Rights Watch: http://www.hrw.org/
“More aid, more democracy”, by David W. Yan, in The Christian Science Monitor, 21 March 2002 (commenting on speech by Pres. Bush on “a new compact for global development’ at the UN summit in Monterrey, Mexico): http://www.csmonitor.com/2002/0321/p09s02-coop.html
“Democracy’s Trials: Democracy itself has sometimes been oversold as a solution to humanity’s problems”, The Christian Science Monitor, 31 July 2002 Edition (“… often promoted with inadequate emphasis on what it takes to establish and perpetuate them. One clear message is that elections, in themselves, aren’t enough. In many countries that have held elections, average people have reaped little or no economic benefit as yet. … Also undeniable is the value of good models of democracy.”): http://www.csmonitor.com/2002/0731/p08s02-comv.html
“A New Proposal for Federalism and Democracy in Developing Countries”, Bruno S. Frey & Reiner Eichenberger, University of Zurich, Switzerland: http://216.239.39.100/search?q=cache:v_jNU0M5YJkC:www.sigov.si/zmar/apublici/iib/iib0197/frey01ib.pdf+democracy+%22developing+countries%22&hl=en&ie=UTF-8
or in pdf version: http:// www.sigov.si/zmar/apublici/iib/iib0197/frey01ib.pdf
Gov: "What Every Student Should Know About Congress" at the "CongressLink" (an official view from the Congress itself): http://www.congresslink.org/actfour.html
Gov: “How our Laws are Made”, Charles W. Johnson, Parliamentarian, U.S. House of Representatives” (explaining the process of how laws are created in the U.S.A. and how they are integrated into the USC): http://thomas.loc.gov/home/lawsmade.toc.html
Legislation (at the Virtual Law Library Reference Desk, providing by Washburn University School of Law Library): http://www.washlaw.edu/reflaw/reflegis.html
Gov: FirstGov (a website from the U.S. Government to assist citizens to find out where to go in the U.S. Government for information on Government activities): http://www.firstgov.gov/
The United States Code of Law (“USC”) at the Legal Information Institute of Cornell University: http://www4.law.cornell.edu/uscode/
| See “Title 49 - Transportation” to see how the ISTEA has been coded into law. |
The United States Code of Federal Regulations (“CFR”) at the Legal Information Institute of Cornell University: http://cfr.law.cornell.edu/cfr/comments/search.html
Public Involvement in the U.S. Government
Gov: The Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century (9 June 1998) and the TEA 21 Restoration Act 22 July 1998) contains the most recent version of laws on transportation based upon the ISTEA of 1991: http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/tea21/
Gov: “Public Involvement Techniques for Transportation Decision-making”, prepared by Howard/Stein-Hudson Associates, Inc. and Parsons Brinkerhoff Quade and Douglas for the Federal Highway Administration and Federal Transit Administration in September 1996: http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/reports/pittd/cover.htm
Gov: “A Citizen’s Guide to Transportation Decisionmaking” from the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) and Federal Transit Administration (FTA) (simple explanation for Citizens on how it works): http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/planning/citizen/index.htm
Org: National Endowment for Democracy (They have an International Forum for Democratic Studies, Journal of Democracy, World Movement for Democracy, and Fellowship Programs): http://www.ned.org/
| Journal: Journal of Democracy (Founded in 1990, published by the National Endowment for Democracy's International Forum for Democratic Studies. Archives of articles available online.): http://www.journalofdemocracy.org/Archive.htm |
Journal: The American Prospect ("Mission Statement: The aim of The American Prospect is to contribute to a renewal of America's democratic traditions by presenting a practical and convincing vision of liberal philosophy, politics, and public life. ... launched in 1990 by Paul Starr, Robert Kuttner, and Robert B. Reich as a quarterly magazine.): http://www.prospect.org/about/
| "The Strange Disappearance of Civic America", Robert D. Putnam ("The mystery concerns the strange disappearance of social capital and civic engagement in America. By 'social capital,' I mean features of social life -- networks, norms, and trust -- that enable participants to act together more effectively to pursue shared objectives. ... I use the term "civic engagement" to refer to people's connections with the life of their communities, not only with politics."): http://www.prospect.org/print/V7/24/putnam-r.html |
Org/Journal: National Civic League ("Strengthening Citizen Democracy by Transforming Democratic Institutions" -- Their National Civic Review Online Journal focuses upon government structure and performance, public deliberation, civic participation, and electoral reform): http://nclweb.org/index.html
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"Chapter 1: Civic Renewal and the Commons of Cyberspace", Peter Levine in the National Civic Review, Vol. 90. No. 3, Fall 2001: http://nclweb.org/publications/ncr/90-3/chapter1.pdf |
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"Chapter 2: Civic Renewal and the Commons of Cyberspace", Peter Levine in the National Civic Review 90:3 (One topic is about "the somewhat shaky American civil society". The other topic is the concept or model of the Internet as a "commons".): http://nclweb.org/index.html |
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"Deliberative Dialogue to Expand Civic Engagement: What Kind of Talk Does Democracy Need?", Martha L. McCoy, Patrick L. Scully in the National Civic Review, Vol 91, No. 2, Summer 2002 (distinguishes between "dialogue" and "deliberation" and discusses benefits of each): http://nclweb.org/publications/ncr/91-2/ncr91-2_article.pdf |
| Org: Alliance for National Renewal (under the National Civic League - "an international community of civic leaders and community builders who collaborate to learn and tell their stories to inspire creative problem solving, imitation, and innovation in pursuit of democratic revitalization and the renewal of civic life."): http://nclweb.org/anr/ |
Org: TownHall.Com ("interactive community on the Internet to bring Internet users, conservative public policy organization, congressional staff, and political activists together under the broad umbrella of 'conservative' thoughts, ideas, and actions."): http://www.townhall.com/about/
| TownHall Issues Library: Foreign Policy (for articles from the conservative right in the USA on US foreign policy): http://www.townhall.com/issueslibrary/foreignpolicy/ |
Org: Americans for Representative Democracy ("promoting a deeper understanding of the advantages of the representative process of government in the United States." Resources = News & Archives, Background Documents, and Links): http://www.afrd.org/
Org: The Center for Consensual Democracy (a good example of how dissatisfied citizens in the USA are trying to improve upon the quality of democracy in the USA -- look at their "Community Tool Box" for practical guidelines and their book, "Recreating Democracy: Breathing New Life into American Communities"): http://www.consensualdemocracy.org/
Org: Institute for the Study of Civic Values ("Mission: The Institute for the Study of Civic Values was established in Philadelphia in 1973 to promote civic idealism -- the philosophy of all those who work to bring citizens and government together to achieve our historic civic ideals."): http://www.iscv.org/
Org: The Alliance for Democracy ("The Alliance is a new Populist movement -- not a political party -- setting forth to end the domination of economy, our government, our culture, our media and the environment by large corporations": http://www.thealliancefordemocracy.org/about.html
Org: Demos: A Network for Ideas & Action (Focus upon improving democracy in the U.S.A., founded in 1999.): http://www.demos-usa.org/About/
"The Constitutional Convention, Debate over Representation in Congress", 1787 (the minutes of a historically interesting debate over how the future U.S. Congress should be organized and how its members should be selected): http://www.pinzler.com/ushistory/debrep.html
“The American Congress”, Steven S. Smith, University of Minnesota, 2nd Edition (Chapter 1 is available online but only Chapter outlines are available for the remaining chapters.): http://college.hmco.com/polisci/smith/am_congress/2e/students/
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Chapter 1: “Representation and Lawmaking in Congress”, Steven S. Smith at the Univ. of Minnesota: http://college.hmco.com/polisci/smith/am_congress/2e/students/smith_ch01.pdf |
Marc A. Triebwasser, Professor of Political Science since 1979 and Director of Internet & Multimedia Studies at the Department of Political Science at Central Connecticut State University: http://www.polisci.ccsu.edu/faculty.htm
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"Congress", Marc A. Triebwasser (brief summary of how the U.S. Congress was original structured, changes that have been made, and how the functionality of "representation" has been weakened by population growth and the increasing number of people each Senator and Representative now represents): http://www.polisci.ccsu.edu/trieb/Cong-1.html |
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"The Question of Representation", Marc A. Triebwasser (analyzes the challenges for the U.S. Congress as a result from both an increase in the size of the population they are representing and the increasing diversity of issues they now face): http://www.polisci.ccsu.edu/trieb/Cong-10.html |
Journal: Democracy and Development (focus upon West Africa, from the Centre for Democracy & Development): http://www.cdd.org.uk/index.html
Journal: Journal of Democracy:
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“Africa: An Interim Balance Sheet”, Crawford Young, Journal of Democracy 7.3 (1996), pp 53-68 (a useful review of how Africa has gone through 3 phases or “waves” of democratization): http://muse.jhu.edu/demo/jod/7.3young.html |
USAID: The Greater Horn of Africa Initiative -- GHAI: http://www.usaid.gov/regions/afr/ghai/
Org: IGAD - Intergovernmental Authority on Development (They are organizing a Conference of Somali leaders in Nairobi, Kenya on 15 October 2002 with a goal of establishing a new national government for Somalia. The Members of IGAD are the countries of: Sudan, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Djibouti, Somalia, Kenya, and Uganda: http://www.igad.org/
| "The Somalia Peace Process: Background", from IGAD: http://www.igad.org/pressroom/pressrelease03.htm |
Org: Africa Action (combining the American Committee on Africa, the Africa Fund, and the Africa Policy Information Center): http://www.africaaction.org/index.php
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"Islam, Democracy, and Public Opinion in Africa", Afrobarometer Briefing Paper No. 3 September 2002 (results of surveys show that Africans in 4 countries support democracy independent of their religion): http://www.africaaction.org/docs02/ab0209.htm |
Org: Respond Uganda (an organization created "In Search of Peace and Democracy" in Uganda -- some parts of the experience of Uganda and Somalia with democracy may be similar and useful for each other to understand): http://www.responduganda.org/uafp_project.asp
Org: The Foundation for Democracy in Africa / Institute for Democracy in Africa (founded in 1994 and based in Washington, D.C., with a Chapter in Miami, Florida): http://democracy-africa.org/
Org: Centre for Democracy & Development (focus upon West Africa): http://www.cdd.org.uk/
"What African Politicians Should Learn From the West", Finnigan Wa Simbeye, Opinion in "The Perspective" (Smyrna, Georgia, USA), 13 May 2002 (criticizes the way elections are run in Africa and they way they are monitored, citing several recent examples in Africa): http://allafrica.com/stories/200205130176.html
"Leadership, Organization and the Congolese Rally for Democracy (RCD): A Process of Structurally Transforming Modes of Politics and Dynamics of Power in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC)", Phillipe Wamba and Marc Mealy: Coordinators of the CDM U.S. Support Network (Their experience in the Congo is very similar to that of Somalia. Their philosophy includes "Emancipatory Politics, Collective Leadership, the Palaver, Mbongi and other indigenous African approaches to democracy ...". Their inclusion of the Palaver and Mbongi as local traditions of democracy, like the Somali inclusion of Shir and Xeer as local traditions of democracy, is not understood by Western "experts" who insist upon copying Western-style democracy.): http://www.congorcd.org/commentary/leaders.htm
Org: Somalia Watch ("created to help increase the understanding of the Somalia issues. SOMALIA WATCH shall focus on the Governance and Human Rights situation in Somalia." they republish many articles from many sources on Somalia, particularly concerning governance and human rights): http://www.somaliawatch.org/
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"Refoulement of Oromo refugees from Somaliland An Inhuman Act to be condemned", Press Release from the Oromo Liberation Front, 21 March 2000, published in Somalia Watch): http://www.somaliawatch.org/archive/000322105.htm |
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"Remarks on the 1998 Charter of Puntland State of Somalia", Federico Battera, Prof. Development Studies -- University of Trieste Italy, UNDOS Working Papers Series, Posted on 7 July 2002): http://www.somaliawatch.org/archivejun02/020707602.htm |
| "Lessons from Geese", Ahmed Warsame, Posted 7 July 2002 (Uses the example of geese collaborating by flying in a "V" formation, with quotes from the Holy Koran, to encourage similar collaboration among Somalis): http://www.somaliawatch.org/archivejun02/020707701.htm |
"Four Models of Decentralized Constitutional Government", Prof. Ioan M. Lewis (for the Somalis - apparently an Executive Summary from a book): http://www.antro.uu.se/bh/lse/exec-summ.html
"5 Research Papers on Somalia and Somaliland". Prof. Ioan M. Lewis: http://www.antro.uu.se/bh/Somalia.html
Org: United States Institute of Peace (some of their publications on Somalia): http://www.usip.org/pubs/reports.html
| "Networking Dissent: Cyber-Activists Use the Internet to Promote Democracy in Burma", Tiffany Danitz and Warren P. Strobel, 8 November 1999: http://www.usip.org/oc/sr/sr990628/sr990628.html |
"Somalia gains Internet access, at a steep price", The Associated Press, 29 September 1999, republished by the Freedom Forum (this initial fees from Aerolite were high, but were expected to drop soon.): http://www.africaaction.org/docs01/som0111.htm
"How to use -- and not use -- digital democracy", Wendy Bay Lewis, published on Journal of Civnet, Nov-Dec 1998, Vol 2. No. 2 (recognizes frustration in the USA with the unresponsiveness of Government to the electorate, but argues against replacing "representative democracy" with "direct democracy" implemented with technology.): http://www.civnet.org/journal/issue10/ftwlew.htm
"Ideal Democracy" (a brief description "of 'Electronic Democracy' as a website, where we are presented with some options and we vote", i.e. quite different from our model for a 'Civic Web'™, but argues for consensus-rule over majority-rule because the former unites a group and produces compromise decisions): http://www.deliberate.com/eVote/papers/idealdemocracy.html
2.1Conflict Resolution - General
Journal: The Online Journal of Peace and Conflict Resolution: http://www.trinstitute.org/ojpcr/
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"Regional Approach to Conflict Management Revisited: The Somali Experience", Adane Ghebremeskel, Issue 4.2 Spring 2002: http://www.trinstitute.org/ojpcr/4_2gheb.htm |
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"Truth and Reconciliation Commissions: A Review Essay and Annotated Bibilography", Kevin Avruch and Beatriz Vejarno, Issue 4.2 Spring 2002: http://www.trinstitute.org/ojpcr/4_2recon.htm |
| "The Torment of Northern Uganda: A Legacy of Missed Opportunities", David Westbrook, Issue 3.2 June 2000: http://www.trinstitute.org/ojpcr/3_2westbrook.htm |
Journal: Peace, Conflict and Development (an interdisciplinary Journal from Great Britain): http://www.peacestudiesjournal.org.uk/
| "Democracy, Governance and Conflict in Burundi", Rockefler P. Herisse, Ganwa Offices and Development, USA: http://www.peacestudiesjournal.org.uk/docs/Burundi.PDF |
Journal: Journal for the Study of Peace and Conflict, from the Wisconsin Institute for Peace and Conflict Studies: http://jspc.library.wisc.edu/index2.html
| "Allowing Disorder to Teach us Order", Larry J. Fisk, 1999-2000 issue of Journal for the Study of Peace and Conflict (claims that we need a new approach in achieving order out of disorder in modern fragmented states): http://jspc.library.wisc.edu/issues/1999-2000/article1.html |
Journal: Journal of Peace, Conflict and Military Studies, from the University of Zimbabwe: http://www.uz.ac.zw/units/cds/journals/volume1/number2/editor.html
Journal: Peace & Conflict Studies, published by the Lentz Peace Research Association on behalf of the Network of Peace and Conflict Studies: http://www.tcnj.edu/~psm/pcs/
Meta: The WWW Virtual Library: International Affairs Resources: Peace, Conflict Resolution, and International Security (a large listing of websites with descriptions for each): http://www.etown.edu/vl/peace.html
Org: AfricanPrinciples.org (with focus across Africa on Conflict Resolution, Peace, and Reconciliation - with many relevant publications): http://www.africanprinciples.org/
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"Report of the All-Africa Conference on African Principles of Conflict Resolution and Reconciliation", by AfricanPrinciples.org, November 8-12, 1999 in Addis Ababa, 109 pages: http://www.africanprinciples.org/documents/all_africa_conference_report_english.doc |
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"Conference Africaine Sur Les Principes Africains De Resolution Des Conflits Et De Reconciliation" by AfricanPrinciples.org, November 8-12, 1999 in Addis Ababa (in French): http://www.africanprinciples.org/documents/all_africa_conference_report_french.doc |
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"Guidelines for Focal Points", by AfricanPrinciples.org (to Promote and Advocate for the Integration of African Principles of Conflict Resolution and Reconciliation into Current efforts to Resolve Conflicts on the African Continent): http://www.africanprinciples.org/documents/guidelines_for_FocalPoints.doc |